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PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR-PS | 250.00 |
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A blood smear
is a blood test that gives information about the number and shape and appearance
of blood cells. |
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Synonym | PBS | |
Test Code | ||
Test Type | Hematology | |
Pre-Test Condition | No special | |
Report Availability | Daily | |
# Test(s) | Comments | |
Test details | Sample Report |
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PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR-PS |
Synonym | PBS | ||
Test Code | |||
Test Category | Hematology | ||
Pre-Test Condition | No special | ||
Medical History | Share if any | ||
Report Availability | Daily | ||
Specimen/Sample | EDTA Blood | ||
Stability @21-26 deg. C | 1 Hour(s) | ||
Stability @ 2-8 deg. C | 4 Hour(s) | ||
Stability @ Frozen | NA | ||
# Test(s) | Comments | ||
Processing Method | Microscopic Study |
Clinical
Significance This test may
be done as part of a general health exam to help diagnose many illnesses. Or, health
care provider may recommend this test if have signs of- ·
Any
known or suspected blood disorder ·
Cancer ·
Leukemia ·
A
blood smear may also be done to monitor the side effects of chemotherapy or to
help diagnose an infection, such as malaria. Normal Results Red blood cells
(RBCs) normally are the same size and color and are a lighter color in the
center. The blood smear is considered normal if there is- ·
Normal
appearance of cells ·
Normal
white blood cell differential Abnormal
Results Mean Abnormal
results mean the size, shape, color, or coating of the RBCs is not normal. Some
abnormalities may be graded on a 4-point scale- ·
1+
means one quarter of cells are affected ·
2+
means one half of cells are affected ·
3+
means three quarters of cells are affected ·
4+
means all of the cells are affected Presence of
cells called target cells may be due to- ·
Abnormal
hemoglobin, the protein in RBCs that carries oxygen (hemoglobinopathies) ·
Deficiency
of an enzyme called lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase ·
Iron
deficiency ·
Liver
disease ·
Spleen
removal Presence of
sphere-shaped cells may be due to- ·
Low
number of RBCs due to the body destroying them (immune hemolytic anemia) ·
Low
number of RBCs due to some RBCs shaped like spheres (hereditary spherocytosis) ·
Increased
breakdown of RBCs ·
Presence
of RBCs with an oval shape may be a sign of hereditary elliptocytosis or
hereditary ovalocytosis. These are conditions in which RBCs are abnormally
shaped. Presence of
fragmented cells (also called schistocytes) may be due to- ·
Artificial
heart valve ·
Blood
disorder that causes blood clots to form in small blood vessels around the body
and leads to a low platelet count (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura) ·
Disorder
in which the proteins that control blood clotting become overactive
(disseminated intravascular coagulation) ·
Infection
in the digestive system producing toxic substances that destroy RBCs, causing
kidney injury (hemolytic uremic syndrome) Presence of a
type of immature RBCs called normoblasts may be due to- ·
Blood
disorder called erythroblastosis fetalis that affects a fetus or newborn ·
Cancer
that has spread to bone marrow ·
Disorder
in which there is excessive breakdown of hemoglobin (thalassemia) ·
Disorder
of the bone marrow in which the marrow is replaced by fibrous scar tissue
(myelofibrosis) ·
Removal
of spleen ·
Severe
breakdown of RBCs (hemolysis) ·
Tuberculosis
that has spread from the lungs to other parts of the body through the blood
(miliary tuberculosis) The presence of
cells called burr cells may indicate- ·
Abnormally
high level of nitrogen waste products in the blood (uremia) ·
The
presence of cells called spur cells may indicate: ·
Inability
to fully absorb dietary fats through the intestines (abetalipoproteinemia) ·
Severe
liver disease The presence of
teardrop-shaped cells may indicate- ·
Anemia
caused by bone marrow not producing normal blood cells due to toxins or tumor
cells (myelophthisic process) ·
Cancer
in the bone marrow ·
Myelofibrosis ·
Severe
iron deficiency ·
Thalassemia
major The presence of
Howell-Jolly bodies (a type of granule inside the red blood cells) may indicate- ·
Bone
marrow does not produce enough healthy blood cells (myelodysplasia) ·
Sickle
cell anemia ·
Spleen
has been removed The presence of
Heinz bodies (bits of altered hemoglobin) may indicate- ·
Alpha
thalassemia ·
Congenital
hemolytic anemia ·
Disorder
in which RBCs break down when the body is exposed to certain medicines or is
stressed because of infection (G6PD deficiency) ·
Unstable
form of hemoglobin The presence of
slightly immature RBCs may indicate- ·
Anemia
with bone marrow recovery ·
Hemolytic
anemia ·
Hemorrhage The presence of
basophilic stippling (a spotted appearance) may indicate- ·
Disorder
of the bone marrow in which the marrow is replaced by fibrous scar tissue (myelofibrosis) ·
Lead
poisoning ·
The
presence of sickle cells may indicate sickle cell anemia. Reference(s) 1.
Bain
BJ. The peripheral blood smear. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil
Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 148. 2.
Kliegman
RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM. Blood disorders. In:
Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson
Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 124. 3.
Merguerian
MD, Gallagher PG. Hereditary elliptocytosis, hereditary pyropoikilocytosis, and
related disorders. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC,
Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA:
Elsevier; 2020: chap 486. 4.
Natelson
EA, Chughtai-Harvey I, Rabbi S. Hematology. In: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds.
Textbook of Family Medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 39. 5.
Warner
EA, Herold AH. Interpreting laboratory tests. In: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds.
Textbook of Family Medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 14. |